Wheel-driving axle unit

ABSTRACT

It is an object of the invention to provide an axle unit for driving wheel which can keep the mutual contact portion between the caulk portion ( 29   a ) of a hub ( 6   a ) and the outer end face ( 39 ) of the housing portion ( 11 ) of a drive shaft member ( 31 ) from being exhausted to thereby be able to prevent occurrence of shaky motion, strange sounds and vibrations in the axle unit for driving wheel for a long period of time. In the present axle unit for driving wheel, a flat surface ( 38 ) is formed in the end face of the caulk portion ( 29   a ), and the flat surface ( 38 ) is contacted with the outer end face ( 39 ) in a large area, which makes it possible to reduce the contact surface pressure in the mutual contact portion between the flat surface ( 38 ) and outer end face ( 39 ).

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] An axle unit for driving wheel according to the present invention is a so called fourth generation hub unit in which a constant velocity joint and a hub unit are removably connected together as an integral body; and, the axle unit is used not only to support drive wheels {the front wheels of an FF car (a front-engine front-wheel-drive car, the rear wheels of an FR car (a front-engine rear-wheel-drive car) and an RR car (a rear-engine rear-wheel-drive car), and a 4WD car (a four-wheel-drive car)) supported on the independent suspension in such a manner that the drive wheels can be rotated with respect to the suspension, but also to drive or rotate these drive wheels.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] To support the wheels so as to rotatable with respect to the suspension, there are used various axle units in which outer and inner rings are rotatably combined together through rolling elements. An axle unit for driving wheel, which is used not only to support drive wheels on the independent suspension but also to drive and rotate the drive wheels, in combination with a constant velocity joint, must be able to transmit the rotary motion of the drive wheels to the wheels smoothly (that is, in such a manner that the constant velocity performance can be secured) regardless of not only the mutual shift between the differential gears and drive wheels but also steering angles applied to the wheels. As an axle unit for driving wheel referred to as a so called fourth generation hub unit, which, in combination with a constant velocity joint, can be structured so as to be relatively compact and light in weight, there is conventionally known an axle unit disclosed in JP-A-7-317754, or an axle unit disclosed in the specification of U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,011.

[0003] Now, FIG. 10 shows a first example of the conventional structure disclosed in the above-cited JP-A-7-317754. According to this structure, the present axle unit is assembled to a vehicle and is supported on the suspension; and, in this state, an outer ring 1, which is disposed so as not to rotate, includes in the outer peripheral surface thereof an outwardly-facing flange-shaped mounting portion 2 to be supported on the present suspension and, in the inner peripheral surface thereof a double row of outer rings raceways 3, 3. On the inside diameter side of the outer ring 1, there is disposed a hub 6 which is composed of a combination of a first element 4 and a second element 5. Of the two elements, the first element 4 is formed in a cylindrical shape. Specifically, in the cylindrical-shaped first element 4, on the direction of outer-end (in the present specification, the outer end with respect to the width direction of the axle unit when it is assembled to a vehicle; and, in FIG. 10, the left end) portion of the outer peripheral surface thereof, there is formed a mounting flange 7 which is used to support the wheel; and, in the direction of inner-end (in the present specification, the central end with respect to the width direction of the axle unit when it is assembled to a vehicle; and, in FIG. 10, the right end) portion of the outer peripheral surface thereof, there is formed an inner raceway 8. On the other hand, in the case of the second element 5, one end portion (in FIG. 10, the left end) thereof is formed as a cylindrical portion 9 to which the outer surface of the first element 4 can be fitted and fixed; the other end portion (in FIG. 10, the right end) thereof is formed as a housing portion 11 which provides the outer ring of a constant velocity joint 10 of a Zwepper type or a bar field type; and, in the outer peripheral surface of the middle portion thereof, there is formed an inner raceway 8. And, a plurality of rolling elements 12, 12 are interposed between the above-mentioned outer raceways 3, 3 and inner raceways 8, 8, whereby the hub 6 is rotatably supported inside the outer ring 1.

[0004] Also, in the mutually matched positions of the inner peripheral surface of the first element 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the second element 5, there are formed an outside securing groove 13 and an inside securing groove 14 respectively; and, a retaining ring 15 is bridgingly interposed between the two securing grooves 13, 14. In this manner, the first element 4 is prevented from slipping out of the second element 5. Further, a weld 17 is produced between the outer peripheral edge portion of the outer end face (in FIG. 10, the left end face) and the inner peripheral edge portion of a stepped portion 16 formed in the inner peripheral surface of the first element 4, thereby connecting and fixing the first and second elements 4, 5 to each other.

[0005] Further, between the two end opening portions of the outer ring 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the middle portion of the hub 6, there are interposed not only substantially cylindrical-shaped covers 18, 18 made of metal plates such as stainless steel plates but also circular-ring-shaped seal rings 19, 19 made of elastic material such as rubber or elastomer. Also, on the inside of the middle portion of the second element 5, there is formed a partition plate portion 20 which is used to close the inside of the second element 5. These covers 18, 18, seal rings 19, 19 and partition plate portion 20 not only shut off the portion, where the plurality of rolling elements 12, 12 are disposed, or the constant velocity joint 10 portion from the outside to thereby prevent grease existing in the present portion from leaking to the outside, but also prevent foreign substances such as rainwater and dust from getting into the present portion.

[0006] And, the constant velocity joint 10 is composed of the housing 11, an inner ring 21, a retainer 22, and a plurality of balls 23. Of these composing parts, the inner ring 21 is fixed to the leading end portion of a drive shaft (not shown) which can be driven or rotated through a transmission by an engine. In the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 21, there are formed a plurality of inside engaging grooves 24 respectively extending at right angles to the circumferential direction of the inner ring 21; and, the inside engaging grooves 24 each has a section shape which provides an arc shape when it is cut by a virtual plane intersecting at right angles to the center axis of the inner ring 21, and the inside engaging grooves 24 are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the inner ring 21. Also, in the position of the inner peripheral surface of the housing portion 11 that is opposed to the inside engaging grooves 24, there are formed a plurality of outside engaging grooves 25 each similarly having an arc-shaped section shape in such a manner that they extend at right angles to the circumferential direction of the inner ring 21. And, the retainer 22 has an arc-shaped section and is formed in a circular-ring-like shape as a whole, while the retainer 22 is held by and between the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 21 and the inner peripheral surface of the housing portion 11. In the circumferential-direction six positions of the retainer 22 that are matched to the inside and outside engaging portions 24, 25, there are formed six pockets 26 respectively; and, inside these six pockets 6, there are held balls 23 one for one, a total of six balls 23. These balls 23, while they are retained in their respective pockets 26, are allowed to roll along the inside and outside engaging portions 24, 25.

[0007] When assembling the above-structured axle unit for driving wheel to a vehicle, the outer ring 1 is supported on the suspension through the mounting portion 2 and the drive wheels are fixed to the first element 4 through the mounting flange 7. Also, the leading end portion of the drive shaft (not shown), which can be driven or rotated by the engine through the transmission and differential gear, is spline engaged with the inside of the inner ring 21 forming the constant velocity joint 10. While the vehicle is running, the rotary motion of the inner ring 21 is transmitted through the plurality of balls 23 to the hub 6 including the second element 5 to thereby drive or rotate the drive wheels.

[0008] Now, FIG. 11 shows a second example of the conventional structure disclosed in the specification of the above-cited U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,011. In the present conventional second example, in the inner peripheral surface of an outer ring 1 which is fitted with and fixed to the inner surface of a knuckle 27 forming the suspension and does not rotate when the present axle unit is in use, there are formed a double row of outer raceways 3, 3. On the direction of outer-end (in FIG. 11, the direction of left-end) portion of the outer peripheral surface of a hub 6 a, there is disposed a mounting flange 7 which is used to support the wheels of a vehicle; and, in the direction of inner-end (in FIG. 11, the direction of right-end) portion of the outer peripheral surface of the hub 6 a, there are formed a double row of inner raceways 8, 8 through a pair of inner rings 28, 28. These two inner rings 28, 28 are supported on and fixed to the main body portion of the hub 6 a by a caulk portion 29 formed by deforming the other end portion of the hub 6 a plastically in such a manner that it is bent outwardly in the diameter direction of the hub 6 a. Also, respectively between the outer raceways 3, 3 and inner raceways 8, 8, there are interposed a plurality of rolling elements 12, 12; and, the hub 6 a is rotatably supported inside the outer ring 1.

[0009] Also, in the central portion of the hub 6 a, there is formed a spline hole 30. Further, the thus-structured hub 6 a is combined with a drive shaft member 31 to thereby provide an axle unit for driving wheel. On one end portion of the drive shaft member 31, there is disposed a spline shaft 32 which can be engaged with the spline hole 30. And, the other end portion of the drive shaft member 31 is formed as a housing portion 11 which provides an outer ring of a constant velocity joint. The thus-structured drive shaft member 31 and hub 6 a are combined together in such a manner that the spline shaft 32 is inserted into the spline hole 30; and, a connecting member 33 made of elastic material is unevenly engaged with the two members 31, 6 a to thereby prevent the two members 31, 6 a from being separated from each other.

[0010] Of the respective conventional structures that have been described hereinabove, in the case of the first conventional structure example shown in FIG. 10, the rotary power between the first and second elements 4, 5 forming the hub 6 must be transmitted through the weld 17 portion. That is, between the first element 4 supporting the wheels and the second element 5 connected to the drive shaft, it is necessary to transmit large torque for driving; however, since the first and second elements 4, 5 are fitted with each other through their respective cylindrical surfaces, large torque cannot be transmitted through the fitting surfaces thereof. Therefore, the large torque must be transmitted through the weld 17 portion and, in order to increase the strength of the weld 17 portion up to a sufficient level, the entire periphery of the weld 17 must be welded in a cladding manner. However, in case where the entire periphery of the weld 17 is claddingly welded, heat in the welding time can distort the shape of the inner raceway 8 portions formed in the outer peripheral surface of the first element 4 or can lower the hardness of the present inner raceway 8 portions, which makes it impossible to secure the sufficient durability of a rolling bearing unit including the inner raceways 8.

[0011] Also, in the case of the second conventional structure example shown in FIG. 11, since prevention of the mutual separation between the hub 6 a and drive shaft member 31 is attained by the connecting member 33 made of elastic material, the function of the separation prevention thereof seems unreliable. That is, when a vehicle turns suddenly, due to a large thrust load and a moment load applied to the hub 6 a from the wheels, there is applied a large force in a direction to pull out the hub 6 a from the drive shaft member 31. In the case of such large pull-out force, it is difficult to positively prevent the mutual separation between the hub 6 a and drive shaft member 31; and, therefore, the present structure is believed not to be able to secure sufficient reliability.

[0012] <Description of the Related Invention>

[0013] As a structure which can eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, in Japanese Patent Application 11-624, there is disclosed an axle unit for driving wheel having such a structure as shown in FIG. 12. In the axle unit for driving wheel according to the prior invention, over the entire periphery of the outer peripheral surface of the direction of outer-end portion of a spline shaft 32 forming a drive shaft member 31, there is formed an inside securing groove 14 which corresponds to an inside engaging portion set forth in the appended claim of the invention. Also, in such position of the inner peripheral surface of the direction of outer-end middle portion of a spline hole 30 formed in the central portion of a hub 6 a that is matched to the inside securing groove 14, there is formed a securing stepped portion 48 which corresponds to an outside engaging portion set forth in the appended claim of the invention in such a manner that the securing stepped portion 48 extends over the entire periphery of the inside securing groove 14. And, between the inside securing groove 14 and securing stepped portion 48, there is bridgingly interposed a retaining ring 35 which can be produced in such a manner that a line member made of elastic metal such as spring steel, or stainless spring steel is formed into a substantially C-shaped, incompletely-circular ring.

[0014] Also, the end face of a caulk portion 29, which is used to fix a pair of inner rings 28, 28 to the hub 6 a, is contacted with or put near to the outer end face of a housing portion 11 forming the drive shaft member 31. And, an O ring, which is held in a hold groove 36 formed in the outer end face of the housing portion 11, is elastically contacted with the end face of the caulk portion 29 to seal up between the end face of the caulk portion 29 and outer end face of the housing portion 11, thereby preventing foreign substances such as rainwater and dust from getting into the spline engaged portion between the spline hole 30 and spline shaft 32, or preventing lubricant such as grease charged into the present spline engaged portion from leaking out to the outside.

[0015] In the case of the above-structured axle unit for driving wheel according to prior invention, the end face of the caulk portion 29, which is disposed opposed to the outer end face of the housing portion 11, is curved when the present caulk portion 29 is formed and it is left curved as it is, thereby providing a convex surface having an arc-shaped section. This results in the reduced contact area between the end face of the caulk portion 29 and the outer end face of the housing portion 11 or O ring 37, which raises the following problems.

[0016] That is, firstly, in case where the end face of the caulk portion 29 and the outer end face of the housing portion 11 are contacted directly with each other, the surface pressure of the contact portion increases, so that one or both of the end face of the caulk portion 29 and the outer end face of the housing portion 11 is or are exhausted (that is, is or are plastically deformed and thereby dented). This increases a clearance between the end face of the caulk portion 29 and the outer end face of the housing portion 11; and, as the vehicle runs, the hub 6 a is shifted (shaken) in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft member 31, which gives rise to generation of uncomfortable noises and vibrations.

[0017] Also, in case where the end face of the caulk portion 29 is contacted with the O ring 37, the width (in the diameter direction) of the circular-ring-shaped contact portion is narrow, which makes it difficult to secure the sealing performance between them.

[0018] Further, in case where the calk portion 29 is disposed opposed to a seal member the portion of which to be opposed to the caulk portion 29 is flat, surface pressure acting on the seal member is easy to be excessive and uneven. Also, in the case of the above-structured axle unit for driving wheel according to prior invention, the caulk portion 29 is structured while giving consideration only to fixation of the inner rings 28, 28 to the hub 6 a, not giving consideration to the regulation of the axial-direction dimension of the seal member for the proper interference of the seal member. This makes it difficult to secure not only the durability of the seal member but also the sealing performance by the seal member.

[0019] A wheel-drive axle unit according to the invention is developed in view of the above-mentioned circumstances of the conventional wheel-drive axle units.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] In attaining the above object, according to the invention, there is provided an axle unit for driving wheel which, similarly to the above-mentioned conventional axle unit for driving wheel, comprises: an outer ring including an outer raceway in the inner peripheral surface thereof and unrotatable even when the axle unit for driving wheel is in use; a hub including a mounting flange formed in the direction of outer-end portion of the outer peripheral surface thereof for supporting wheels, a first inner raceway formed directly or through an inner ring in the middle portion thereof, a second inner raceway formed in the direction of inner-end portion thereof, and a spline hole formed in the central portion thereof; a drive shaft member including a spline shaft disposed on the outer end portion thereof to be engageable with the spline hole and having an inner end portion formed as a housing portion to serve as the outer ring of a constant velocity joint; and, a plurality of rolling elements rollably interposed between the outer raceway and inner raceway.

[0021] Especially, the axle unit for driving wheel of the invention includes an inside engaging portion formed so as to extend over the entire periphery of the outer peripheral surface of the spline shaft, an outside engaging portion formed in such position of the hub as corresponds to the inside engaging portion so as to extend over the entire periphery of the inner periphery of the hub, and, a retaining ring made of elastic material. And, the retaining ring is bridgingly interposed between the inside and outside engaging portions to thereby prevent the spline shaft from slipping out of the spline hole. Also, an inner ring with the second inner raceway formed in the outer peripheral surface thereof is fixed to the hub in such a manner that the inner end face of the inner ring is held by a caulk portion formed by caulking and spreading such portion of the inner end portion of the hub, as projects beyond the inner end face of the inner ring, outwardly in the diameter direction of the hub. Further, in a portion of the caulk portion which is opposed to the outer end face of the housing portion, there is formed a flat surface extending in parallel to the present outer end face; and, these flat surface and outer end face are butted against each other directly or through a seal member.

[0022] <Operation>

[0023] According to the above-structured axle unit for driving wheel of the invention, the mutual contact area between the end face of the calk portion and the outer end face of the housing portion or seal member can be increased. This can prevent the hub from shifting greatly in the axial direction thereof with respect to the drive shaft member as a vehicle runs, which in turn can prevent occurrence of jarring noises and vibrations. Or, the mutual contact area between the caulk portion and seal member can be secured to thereby be able to secure the sealing performance by the seal member and the durability of the seal member. Further, in the process for forming the flat surface in a portion of the caulk portion, the regulation of the axial-direction dimension of the hub for the appropriate interference of the seal member can be carried out.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024]FIG. 1 is a section view of a half section of a first embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention;

[0025]FIG. 2(A) is an enlarged view of the a portion shown in FIG. 1, while FIG. 2(B) shows a structure different from the invention for comparison and is an enlarged view of a portion thereof corresponding to FIG. 2(A);

[0026]FIG. 3 is a section view of a half section of a second embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention;

[0027]FIG. 4(A) is an enlarged view of the b portion shown in FIG. 3, while FIG. 4(B) shows a structure different from the invention for comparison and is an enlarged view of a portion thereof corresponding to FIG. 4(A);

[0028]FIG. 5 is a section view of a half section of a third embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention;

[0029]FIG. 6(A) is an enlarged view of the c portion shown in FIG. 5, while FIG. 6(B) shows a structure different from the invention for comparison and is an enlarged view of a portion thereof corresponding to FIG. 6(A);

[0030] FIGS. 7(A) and (B) are similar to FIGS. 6(A) and (B), showing a fourth embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention;

[0031]FIG. 8 is a section view of a half section of a fifth embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention;

[0032]FIG. 9 is a section view of a sixth embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention;

[0033]FIG. 10 is a partially sectional view of a first example of a conventional structure;

[0034]FIG. 11 is a section view of a half section of a second example of the conventional structure; and,

[0035]FIG. 12 is a section view of a half section of an example of a structure according to the prior invention.

[0036] By the way, referring to the reference characters used in the drawings, 1 designates an outer ring, 2 a mounting portion, 3 an outer raceway, 4 a first element, 5 a second element, 6, 6 a, 6 b a hub, 7 amounting flange, 8 an inner raceway, 9 a cylindrical portion, 10 a constant velocity joint, 11 a housing portion, 12 a rolling element, 13 an outside securing groove, 14 an inside securing groove, 15 a retaining ring, 16 a stepped portion, 17 a weld, 18 a cover, 19 a seal ring, 20 a partition plate portion, 21 an inner ring, 22 a retainer, 23 a ball, 24 an inside engaging groove, 25 an outside engaging groove, 26 a pocket, 27 a knuckle, 28 an inner ring, 29, 29 a a caulk portion, 30 a spline hole, 31 a drive shaft member, 32 a spline shaft, 33 a connecting member, 35, 35 a a retaining ring, 36 a hold groove, 37 an O ring, 38 a flat surface, 39 an outer end face, 40 an encoder portion, 41 a core metal, 42 a cylindrical portion, 43 a penetration hole, 44 a sensor, 45 a circular ring portion, 46, 46 a an elastic plate, 47 a seal lip, 48 a securing stepped portion, 49 a stepped surface, 50 an inclined surface, 51 a shoulder portion, 52 a seal ring, and 53 a seal lip, respectively.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0037] Now, FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a first embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention. By the way, the present embodiment is characterized in that there can be secured the mutual contact area between a caulk portion 29 a formed in the inner end portion of a hub 6 a and the outer end face (in FIGS. 1 and 2, the left end face) of a housing portion 11 forming a drive shaft member 31, thereby being able to prevent the present contact portion against shaky motion. The basic structure of the present axle unit for driving wheel is similar to the second example of the conventional structure shown in the above-discussed FIG. 11, and the separation preventive structure between the hub 6 a and drive shaft member 31 is similar to the structure according to the prior invention shown in the above-discussed FIG. 12. Therefore, the portions of the present embodiment similar to the conventional structure and the structure according to the prior invention, which have been mentioned above, are given the same designations and thus the duplicate description thereof is omitted here. Accordingly, description will be given below mainly of the characteristic portions of the invention.

[0038] In the end face of the caulk portion 29 a, there is formed a flat surface 38 which exists in a direction to intersect at right angles to the center axis of the hub 6 a. This flat surface 38 can be formed in the following manner: that is, as shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 12 or in FIG. 2(B), a caulk portion 29, the end face of which is convexly curved, is firstly formed; and, after then, the curved end face of the caulk portion 29 is pressurized or cut into a flat surface. And, in a state where the present axle unit for driving wheel is assembled, the flat surface 38 is butted directly against the outer end face 39 of the housing 11.

[0039] According to the above-structured axle unit for driving wheel of the present embodiment, the mutual contact area between the flat surface 38 formed in the end face of the caulk portion 29 a and the outer end face 39 of the housing portion 11 can be set large, thereby being able to reduce the surface pressure of the mutual contact portion between these two surfaces 38, 39. Thanks to this, even in case where a thrust load is applied between the hub 6 a and drive shaft member 31 as a vehicle runs, the respective surfaces 38, 39 can be prevented from being exhausted (that is, they can be prevented from being deformed plastically and thus dented). In other words, in the case of the structure according to the prior invention shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 12, as shown in FIG. 2(B), since the end face of the caulk portion 29 is convexly curved, the mutual contact area between the end face of the caulk portion 29 and the outer end face 39 of the housing 11 is small, so that these two faces are easy to be exhausted. On the other hand, according to the structure of the present embodiment, because the two surfaces 38, 39 are contacted with each other in such a large area as shown in FIG. 2(A), these two surfaces 38, 39 can be prevented from being exhausted. This prevents the hub 6 a from being shifted in the axial direction with respect to the drive shaft member 31, thereby being able to prevent generation of jarring noises and vibrations.

[0040] By the way, the radial-direction length L of the flat surface 38 of the caulk portion 29 a shown in FIG. 2(A) may be 1-4 mm and, preferably, may be set approximately in the range of 2.5-3.5 mm. Also, in order to be able to prevent bending stress from acting on the caulk portion 29 a, the flat surface 38 may be disposed in such a manner that at least the direction of outside-diameter portion of the flat surface 38 is present at least in the portion of an inner ring 28 which is situated outwardly in the diameter direction of the diameter D1 of the fitting portion of the inner ring 28, preferably, in the portion of the inner ring 28 which is situated outwardly in the diameter direction of the diameter D2 of the outside-diameter-side end edge of the corner R portion of the inner ring 28. In case where such dimensional relationship is established between the inner ring 28 and the flat surface 38 of the caulk portion 29 a, there can be obtained such a structure that only the compressive stress can be applied to the caulk portion 29 a. Thanks to such structure, it is possible to prevent occurrence of the following phenomenon: that is, while the vehicle is running, the caulk portion 29 a can be shifted and thus the inner ring 28 fitted with the outer surface of the hub 6 a can be moved in the axial direction to thereby reduce the pre-load of the axle unit.

[0041] Next, FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention. In the present embodiment as well, in the end face of the caulk portion 29 a formed in the inner end portion of the hub 6 a, there is formed a flat surface 38 which exists in a direction to intersect at right angles to the center axis of the hub 6 a. And, in the case of the present embodiment, with the flat surface 38, there is elastically contacted an O ring 37 which is held in a hold groove 36 formed in the outer end face of the housing portion 11. In this state, the O ring 37 is elastically compressed and, as shown in FIG. 4(A), the O ring 37 is contacted with the flat surface 38 in a large area. Therefore, the seal width provided by the O ring 37 (the diameter-direction dimension of the contact portion) is set large, which makes it possible to secure sufficient sealing performance. In other words, in the case of the structure according to the prior invention shown in FIG. 12 which has been previously discussed, as shown in FIG. 4(B), because the end face of the caulk portion 29 is convexly curved, the diameter-direction dimension of the contact portion between the end face of the calk portion 29 and O ring 37, that is, the seal width is small, which makes it difficult for the O ring 37 to secure sufficient sealing performance. On the other hand, in the case of the second embodiment of the invention, since the seal width can be set large, the sealing performance by the O ring 37 can be enhanced. This can effectively keep foreign substances such as dust from getting into the spline engaged portion between the spline hole 30 and spline shaft 32 for a long period of time, which in turn can prevent the spline engaged portion against wear, thereby being able to enhance the durability of the axle unit for driving wheel.

[0042] Next, FIGS. 5 and 6 show a third embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention. In the present embodiment, a core metal 41 including an encoder portion 40 is fitted with and fixed to the outer surface of the outer end portion of the housing portion 11, thereby being able to detect the rotation speed of the drive shaft member 31. This core metal 41 can be formed in the following manner: that is, an anticorrosive magnetic metal plate such as a stainless steel plate made of SUS430 is bent formed into a circular ring with an L-shaped section as a whole. The core metal 41 is fixed to the drive shaft member 31 in such a manner that a cylindrical portion 42 formed in the outer peripheral edge portion thereof is closely fitted with the outer surface of the outer end portion of the housing portion 11. Also, in the cylindrical portion 42, there are formed a large number of slit-shaped penetration holes 43 at regular intervals in the circumferential direction thereof, while the penetration holes 43 are respectively long in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 42 (in FIGS. 5 and 6, in the right and left direction). For this reason, the magnetic characteristics of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 42 vary alternately with respect to the circumferential direction and at regular intervals. In a state where the present axle unit for driving wheel is assembled to a vehicle, a detect portion of a sensor 44 supported on the fixed portion of the vehicle such as the suspension is disposed close to and opposed to the encoder portion 40 which is the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 42, thereby being able to detect the rotation speed of the drive shaft member 31 which rotates synchronously with the wheels of the vehicle.

[0043] Also, the circular ring portion 45 of the core metal 41 is contacted with the outer end face 39 of the housing portion 11. And, a circular-ring-shaped elastic plate 46 serving as a seal member, which is attached by adhesion or by plating to the outer surface of the circular ring portion 45, is compressed together with the circular ring portion 45 between the outer end face 39 of the housing portion 11 and a flat surface 38 formed in the end face of a caulk portion 29 a disposed in the inner end portion of a hub 6 a; that is, in the thus compressed state, the elastic plate 46 is held together with the circular ring portion 45 in such a manner as shown in FIG. 6(A). In the case of the present embodiment, since the flat surface 39 is contacted with the elastic plate 46 in a large area, the surface pressure to be applied to the elastic plate 46 can be limited to a proper range and also can be made almost uniform. This makes it easy to secure not only the durability of the elastic plate 46 but also the sealing performance that can be provided by the elastic plate 46. That is, as shown in FIG. 6(B), in case where the end face of the caulk portion 29 is convexly curved, the diameter-direction dimension of the contact portion between the end face of the caulk portion 29 and elastic plate 46, that is, the seal width is small, which makes it difficult to secure the durability of the elastic plate 46 and the sealing performance by the elastic plate 46. On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, since the seal width can be set large, it is possible to secure the durability of the elastic plate 46 and the sealing performance by the elastic plate 46.

[0044] Next, FIG. 7(A) shows a fourth embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention. In the present embodiment, on the outer peripheral edge portion of an elastic plate 46 a, there is disposed a seal lip 47 which is relatively small in thickness, low in rigidity and easy to flex. And, the leading end edge of the seal lip 47 is contacted with the entire periphery of the near-to-outer-periphery portion of the end face of a caulk portion 29 a to thereby seal up between the circular ring portion 45 of a core metal 41 and the present caulk portion 29 a. In the present embodiment as well, since a flat surface 38 is formed in the end face of the caulk portion 29 a, when compared with such a structure as shown in FIG. 7 (B) that it includes a caulk portion 29 having no flat surface, there can be secured the durability of the elastic plate 46 a and the sealing performance by the elastic plate 46 a.

[0045] Next, FIG. 8 shows a fifth embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention. In the present embodiment, between an inside securing groove 14 serving as an inside engaging portion and a stepped surface 49 serving as an outside engaging portion, there is bridgingly interposed a retaining ring 35 a. The retaining ring 35 a is formed in an incompletely circular ring shape and has elasticity in a direction to reduce the diameter dimension thereof, while the section shape of an inside-diameter-side half section of the retaining ring 35 a is a wedge shape (a triangular shape) inclined in a direction where the thickness thereof decreases as it goes toward the inner peripheral edge thereof. Therefore, to the mutual contact portion between an inclined surface 50 formed in the outer surface of the retaining ring 35 a and the axial-direction outer end edge of the inside securing groove 14, there is applied, due to the elasticity of the retaining ring 35 a, a force which goes in a direction perpendicular to the inclined surface 50. Therefore, to a hub 6 a, there is applied a component which goes inwardly in the axial direction thereof. As a result of this, the inner end face of a caulk portion 29 a is pressed against the outer end face of a housing portion 11 forming a drive shaft member 31. In other words, the retaining ring 35 a, due to its own elasticity, while enlarging a clearance between the axial-direction outer end edge of the inside securing groove 14 and the stepped surface 49, reduces its diameter to thereby press the inner end face of the caulk portion 29 a against the outer end face of the housing portion 11. As a result of this, regardless of thrust loads to be applied repeatedly in different directions during the running operation of the vehicle, the spline engaged portion between a spline hole 30 formed in the central portion of the hub 6 a and a spline shaft 32 forming the drive shaft member 31 can be kept from shifting in the axial direction, which makes it possible to prevent the present spline engaged portion against wear.

[0046] Especially, in the present embodiment, in order to shorten the axial-direction distance from the center of a constant velocity joint to the center of installation of a tire as much as possible to thereby reduce the steering moment, an outside securing groove 25 formed in the inner peripheral surface of the housing portion 11 of the constant velocity joint is disposed as near as possible to the outer end side to thereby set the section thickness T (shown in FIG. 8) of the root portion of the spline shaft 32 for the bare minimum dimension. As in the present embodiment, in the case of the structure in which the constant velocity joint is fixed to the hub 6 a using the retaining ring 35, differently from a structure in which a nut is fastened and fixed, since there is not generated large shearing stress in the root portion of the spline shaft 32, the above-mentioned section thickness dimension can be reduced over the structure of a nut fastening type. In the present embodiment, the value of the section thickness T is set in the range of 2-7 mm, thereby being able to reduce not only the steering moment but also the weight of the axle unit. By the way, in case where the ratio of the value of T to the outside diameter D of the root portion of the spline shaft 32 (T/D) is set in the range of 0.09-0.3, the strength of the housing portion 11 with respect to the root portion of the spline shaft 32 can be made to balance well and thus there can be obtained the optimum design excluding wasteful thickness. By the way, the bottom of the hole of the housing portion 11 is projected nearer to the outer end thereof in the axial direction by an amount of δ than the outer end face of the housing 11, which realizes a reduction in the weight of the axle unit.

[0047] Next, FIG. 9 shows a sixth embodiment of an axle unit for driving wheel according to the invention. In the present embodiment, the circumferential-direction width dimension of the tooth of a male spline formed on the outer peripheral surface of a spline shaft 32 varies in such a manner that it gradually increases as it goes inwardly (in FIG. 9, in the right direction) in the axial direction of the spline shaft 32. On the other hand, the circumferential-direction width dimension of the tooth of a female spline formed on the inner peripheral surface of a spline hole 30 formed in the central portion of a hub 6 b varies in such a manner that it gradually increases as it goes outwardly (in FIG. 9, in the left direction) in the axial direction of the hub 6 b. The inclination angles of the circumferential-direction side surfaces of the teeth of the male and female splines are set coincident with each other. And, when the male and female splines are engaged with each other, the circumferential-direction side surfaces of the teeth of the male and female splines are contacted with each other in such a manner that there can be generated almost uniform surface pressure in the axial direction thereof. And, the male and female splines are machined in such a manner that, when a retaining ring 35 is bridgingly interposed between an inside securing groove 14 serving as an inside engaging portion and an outside securing groove 13 serving as an outside engaging portion, the teeth respectively forming the male and females splines can be spline engaged with each other without generating a clearance between the circumferential-direction side surfaces of the respective teeth.

[0048] In correspondence to the above, according to the present embodiment, by bridgingly interposing the retaining ring 35 between the inside securing groove 14 and the outside securing groove 13, the relative positions of the male and female splines in the axial direction thereof can be fixed. In other words, as an outside engaging portion to be formed in the inner peripheral surface of the hub 6 b, instead of such outside securing grooves as employed in the previously described embodiments each having a stepped structure incapable of regulating the axial-direction position of the retaining ring 35 unequivocally (incapable of fixing the retaining ring in the axial direction thereof), there is formed the concave-groove-shaped outside securing groove 14.

[0049] Also, a seal ring 52 is fitted with the outside of the outer peripheral surface of a shoulder portion 51 formed in the base end portion of a housing portion 11 serving as the outer ring of a constant velocity joint and the seal lip 53 of the seal ring 52 is contacted with a flat surface 38 formed in the inner end face of a caulk portion 29 a, thereby closing a clearance between the caulk portion 29 a and housing portion 11.

[0050] In the above-structured present embodiment, when forming the flat surface 38 in the inner end face of a calk portion 29 a, the axial-direction dimension of the flat surface 38 is set such that the flexing margin of the seal lip 53 of the seal ring 52 provides a proper value (for example, on the order of 0.2-1.2 mm).

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0051] Since the present invention is structured and operates in the above-mentioned manner, according to the invention, there can be realized an axle unit for driving wheel which is compact in size, light in weight, and excellent in durability and reliability, thereby being able to contribute toward enhancement in the riding comfort, power performance and fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Also, while the vehicle is in operation, the composing parts of the present axle unit for driving wheel can be prevented against shaky motion for a long period of time; and, in case where a seal member is incorporated, the sealing performance and durability of the seal member can be secured. Therefore, occurrence of strange sounds, vibrations and fretting wear can be prevented, the riding comfort of a vehicle incorporating therein the present axle unit for driving wheel can be enhanced, and the durability of the present axle unit for driving wheel itself can be enhanced further. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An axle unit for driving wheel, comprising: an outer ring including an outer raceway in the inner peripheral surface thereof and unrotatable even when said axle unit for driving wheel is in use; a hub including a mounting flange formed in the direction of outer-end portion of the outer peripheral surface thereof for supporting wheels, a first inner raceway formed directly or through an inner ring in the middle portion of said outer peripheral surface, a second inner raceway formed in the direction of inner-end portion of said outer peripheral surface, and a spline hole formed in the central portion thereof; a drive shaft member including a spline shaft disposed on the outer end portion thereof so as to be engageable with said spline hole and having an inner end portion thereof formed as a housing portion to serve as the outer ring of a constant velocity joint; and, a plurality of rolling elements rollably interposed between said outer raceway and said inner raceway, said axle unit for driving wheel further including: an inside engaging portion formed so as to extend over the entire periphery of the outer peripheral surface of said spline shaft; an outside engaging portion formed so as to extend over the entire periphery of the inner periphery of said hub in such position of said hub as corresponds to said inside engaging portion; and, a retaining ring made of elastic material, wherein said retaining ring is bridgingly interposed between said inside and outside engaging portions to thereby prevent the spline shaft from slipping out of said spline hole; an inner ring with said second inner raceway formed in the outer peripheral surface thereof is fixed to said hub in such a manner that the inner end face of said inner ring is held by a caulk portion formed in the inner end portion of said hub, which projects beyond said inner end face of said inner ring, by caulking and spreading such portion of the inner end portion of said hub, outwardly in the diameter direction of said hub; in a portion of said caulk portion opposed to the outer end face of said housing portion, there is formed a flat surface extending in parallel to said outer end face of said housing portion; and, said flat surface and said outer end face are butted against each other directly or through a seal member. 